This is the Readme for files: PHYSICS.FRM METHODS.FRM HALLWEEN.FRM PHOENIX2.FRM F(G(Z))).FRM FRAME.FRM BESSELS.FRM also author of tworain3.map, rainbow6.map, rainbow7.map. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here are some of my best ??? fractal formulas. Some are whimsical dreamings of my own. Others (most actually) are based on equations that I have found from reading various books on chaos, dynamical systems, and complex numbers. The formulas in the methods.frm file are the result of my attempts to write Newton's method for something more complex than z ^ n - 1. But, unfortunately that requires some tricky programming and mathematics. So I settled for trying to use the result as a normal equation. This produced some ungainly looking objects. Then, thinking that setting the OUTSIDE setting to REAL was like testing only the real protion of z. Boy!!! was I ever wrong. But BOY!!! did it ever produce some interesting images. Some even get more beautiful if you zoom out rather than zoom in. They begin to look like biomorphs. -------------------------------- LRCMIKE@LRC.OLDSCOLLEGE.AB.CA Michael G. Wareman P.O. Box 1856 Olds, Alberta, Canada T0M 1P0 -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Info on F(G(Z))).FRM (by michael g. wareman) ----------------------------------------------------------- To me complex numbers, fractals, and the interesting images they spawn are both fascinating and enjoyable. I would like to share with my fellow programmers an interesting discovery I have made. My fractal is like other fractals, that is, it is based on the basic mathematical operations of complex numbers. The idea for this fractal came from a chapter in Clifford A. Pickover's book titled: Computers, patterns, chaos, and beauty on composite functions. What I did was ask: What would happen if I would put the Mandelbrot fractal equation through a second equation. Below are the two equations that I used to create FGZ (which is what I have come to know this fractal as). Z = Z * Z + C Z = (3 * Z * Z) / (Z + 3) + C If you have access to the Fractint program mentioned in Algorithm issue 3.3, or available when you buy Timothy Wegner's, and Mark Peterson's book (see further reading). You can use the following algorithm: {NOTE: this formula and its variations are found in the F(G(Z)).frm on this disk.} FGZ { z = c = pixel: z = z * z + c; z = (3 * z * z) / (z + 3) + c, |z| <= 4 } The first noteworthy thing about the image is that it appears to be two separate sets. Upon closer examination it is actually one image. Another interesting thing is that it has several floating images in front of it, and shooting out from its branches. Here are some suggestions for some interesting experiments to try. I have created some very interesting Julia images based on the coordinates obtained from magnified portions of the original fractal image. Since there were two "C values" (one in each of the two equations) I decided to try replacing only one of the two "C values. This resulted in distorted fractal images that tended to be too chaotic. Who knows maybe there is a sensible fractal image and I have not found it yet. If both "C values" are replaced by the same coordinate set then a proper Julia appears exhibiting the behavior of the magnified main image. Interesting Julias can be created by using only the real or imaginary components of previously calculated Julias. So far only the real component of the complex number generates reasonable Julias. It remains to be seen if there are any imaginary components that result in reasonable Julia images, or is there some other relationship dependant on the location of the coordinate pair that determines which value will result in good Julia images. SOME C VALUES TO TRY: For Fractint users : replace the c with: (-0.6882, -0.1729) (-0.6904, -0.2958) (-0.4919, 0.4572) (0.3379, 0) Another thing to try is replace the constants (ie the 3's) with other values. My initial experiments show that constant values less than 3 cause the arms to merge. In fact the value 2 you can still see little fractal lakes with more little fractal lakes. See the fgz2-arm for what I mean.